Name: Dodiya Meghana j.
Semester: - 3
Roll no: - 11
Year: - 2016-17
Paper No: - 11
Paper Name: - The Postcolonial Literature
Topic: - Salman Rushdie's Essay
Email ID:- mdodiya26@gmail.com
Submitted to: - Department of English
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University
1.Hobson-Jobson:
#Introduction:
Ahemad salman Rushdie was born on june 19,1947 in bBombay.He is Kashmiri genre is magic realism,satire and postcolonialism.he is famouse for his essay and novel.
# Salman Rushdie's Work:
• The satanic verses
• Haroun and the sea of stories
• JoshepAnton:A memoir
• The Round beneath her feet
• The Moor's last singh
• The Enchantrees of Horence
• ImaginaryHomelands
#Rushdie's Problem:
• The migrant
• A muslim India
• An India in pakistan
• A Brown man in Britain
#Rushdie Compares:
• Migration to translation
# Meaning and Origin of Hobson-Jobson:
The shorter title of “Hobson-Jobson:A glossary of colloquialAnglo-Indian words and phrase,and of kindred terms,Etymological,Historical,Geographical,and discursive...''.The british Empire ,many pundits now agree ,descended like a juggement upon the barbicans of the East,in seach loot.The moguls of the raj went in palanquins,smoking cheroots,to sip toddy or sherbet on the verandahs of the gymkhana club,while the memesahibs fretted about the thugs in bandannas and dungarees who roamed the night like pariahs,plotting ghoulish deeds.
All the highlights words in the above paragraph can be fond,with their Estern family trees,in Hobson-Jobson,the legendary dictionary of British india.
#Testimony:
• Rushdie considers the matter of dictionary like this-''These thousand-odd pages bear eloquent testimony to the unparalled Intermingling..''
#Hobson-Jobson is:
• A historical dictionaryof Anglo-Indian words.
• Terms from indian languages.
#Essay Hobson-Jobson:
First publish in 1886,edited by william crooke in 1903.Hols over 2000words.Salman Rushdie talks about mix word in his essay Hobson-Jobson.he talks about Marathi,Hindi,Gujarati,and snskrit based in English words.E.g.
# Shampoo- Champoo
#Massage -Chapna
This essay Rushdie tells us how a dictionary with indian words for colonizer use come into existence coversing face to face with us.English and Indian languages words mingled with each other.
#The chief interest on Hobson-Jobson:
The chief interest of Hobson-Jobson in the richness of what one must call the Anglo-Indian language whose memorial it is,that languge which was in regular usejust forty years ago and which is now dead.
In Anglo-Indian jam was a Gujarati chief,a sneaker was 'a largecup(or samll basin) with a saucerand cover',a guinea-pig was a midshipman on an India-bound boat,an owl was disease,Macheen was not aspelling mistek but a name ,abbereviated from'Maha-cheen',for 'great china'.Even a commonplace word like cheese was transformed.The Hindi chiz,meaning a thing,gave the English word new,slangy sense of 'anything good,first rate in quality,genuine,pleasent or advantageous'as,we are told,in the phrase,'these cheroots are the real cheese'.
Some of the distortions of indian words-'perhaps by vluger
lips'-have moved along way from their sources.it takes an effort of the will to see,in the Anglo-Indian snowrapee,meaning Authority,the telugu word tsanauvu.The dictionary's own title,chosen,we are told ,to help it sell,is of this type.It originates in crises of ya hasan!ya hasan!uttered byshia muslims during the Muharram processions.
The Anglo-Indian word poggle,a madman,comes from the Hindi pogal,and we're offered the following 'macaronic adage which we fear the non-indian will fail to appreciate:pagal et pecunia jalde separantur:( A fool and his money are soon parted)
#British India had absorbed some indian words like:
• Jadoogars- Sorcerers
• Puckerow- Look out
• Samjao-To make understand
• Kubberdaur-khabardar.
Strang,then ,to find certain well-known words missing.No kaffir,no gully,not even,although there is wog,a Baloch or Sindhi word meaning either loot or a heard of camels.Rushdie thought that a modern appendix might usefully be comissioned,to include the many English words which have taken on,in independent india,new “Hinglish' meanings.In india today,the prisoner in the dock is the undertrial;a boss is often an incharge;and ,in a sinister euphemism,those who perish at the hands of law enforcement officer areheld to have died in a 'police encounter'.
The Term 'law of Hobson-Jobson'is sometimes used in linguistic to refer to the process of phonological change by which are adap.
2.Attenborough's Gandhi:
Defication is an indian disease,the reason say salman rushdie might be viewing Gandhi as a spiritual mystical person.He view that when he saw this movie that time he found that Attenborough unfortunately saw the image of Gandhi as a christ and comparison with christ .And we can say that Gandhi is a spiritual person.
#Why should an Englishman want to deify Gandhi?
#The writer gives three board heading:
• First,the exotic impulse,the wish too see india as the fountainhead of spiritual-mystical wisdom.
• Second ,there is what might be termed the,chritian longing,for a'leader'dedicated to ideals of poverty and simplicity,a man who is too good for this word and is therefore sacrificed on the altars history.
• Third,there is the liberal-conservative political desire to hear it said that revolutions can,and should,be made purely by submisson,and self-sacrifice,and non-violence alone.
To make gandhi appeal to the western market,he had to be sanctifide and turned into christ-an odd fate for crafty Gujarati-lawyer-and the history of one of the century's greatest revolutions had to be mangled.This is nothing new.Thebritish have been mangling indian history for centuries.
#About the film:
• In the essay “Attenborough's Gandhi' in which salman Rushdie talks about the movie 'Gandhi'.
• The film is about a biography,not apolitical work.Even if one aspects this distinction,one must reply that a biography,it is not turn into hagiography(see only one side) aspect of the subjects as well as loveable side.
• Attenborough's Gandhi-essay deals with the indian called Mohandas karamchand Gandhi.
#Why these character are absent?:
First of all,why they have chosen Gandhi?not any other patriotic figure or spiritual figure like sardar patel?subhasbose?why not tagore?
The film's makers answer that itwould have been impossible to include everything and everyone,and of course selection is central to any work of art.But artistic selection creates meaning,and in Gandhi these are frequently dubious and in some cases frighteningly naive.
#Amritsar massacre:
• There are many powerfull sequencein the film.for example the amritrsar massarin court material an Englishman ask the question abot jalianwala bagh to dyer.
• The scene say that his actions were those of a cruel and immidiately after condemned by Anglo-Indian.
• And when he returned to england he was given a heroic welcome.an appeal fund launched on his behalf made him a rich man.
• Tagore disgusted by the Britishreaction to the massacre,returned his knighthood.
In the caseof Amritsar,artistic selection has altered the meaning of event.it is an unforgivable distortion.
#Assination of Gandhi:
• In a political thriller,this would be merely crass;in Gandhiit is something worse.
• Gandhi was murderd by nathuram godse,he was a Hindu nationalist activist from pune,and ex-member of rashtriya,swayamsevak sangh(RSS).
• He was pre-eminent leader of indian nationalism in british-ruled india and apostle of non-violence.
• He was the role assassin of Gandhi,shooting him in the chest three times at paint blank range on30 january,1948 in new delhi.
Gandhi presents false portraits of most of the leaders of the independence struggle.Patel comes across as a clown,whereas he was one of the hardest of hard men.And it was witty to portray jinnah as count dracula.but the important changes are in the personality of Nehruand in the decisionto erase Bose from History.
In both cases,dramatic interest has been sacrificed in the interests of deification.Nehru was not Gandhi's disciple.They were equals,and they argued fiercely.Their debate was central to the freedom movement-Nehru,the urban sophisticate who wanted to industrialize india,to bring it into the modern age,versus the rural,handicraft-loving,sometimes medieval figure of Gandhi;the country lived this debate,and it had to choose.India chose Gandhi with its heart,but terms of practical political,it chose nehru.One can understand nothing about the nature of india's independence unless oneunderstands the conflict between these two great men.The film,by turning nehru into Bapuji's acolyte,manages to crastrate itsef.
• Subhas chandra bose has viewed as a violent man violent man like guerrilla,supporting japanese,fighting with britishers.there is one more controversial example regarding gaining freedom without unarmed.
All devotees of unintentional comedy will relish the scenes in Gandhi in which Bapu re-enacts his marriage for the benefit of a western journalist;in which one man's hunger strike pacifies a rioting calcutta,and repentant hooligans promise Gandhi that they will adopt Muslim orphan children.
What it is,is an incredibly expensive movie about a man who was dedicated to the samll scale and to asceticism .The form of the film,opulent,lavish,overpowers and finally crushes the man at its centre,in spite of BenKingsley's luminous performance .It is as if Gandhi ,years after his death,has found in Attenborough the last in his series of billionaire patrons,his last Birla.And rich men like emperors,have always had a weakness for tame holy men,for saint.
#Conclusion:
We can say that salman rushdie has written an artical about 'Attenborough's Gandhi' in which he has indicated about Gandhi and also made criticism on him.He write not only good things but he also write about nathuram godse and other all the thing.Thus,Rushdie has gives his views about Attenborough's film and at end ,he writes that a every significant line.
Cited:
http://www.slideshare.net/RaviBhaliya/attenboroughs-gandhi-salman-rushdie
http://www.slideshare.net/bhatturvi/urvip-11?qid=f6a7c298-886e-47e7-9fb7-fbaccb469671&v=&b=&from_search=3
http://www.slideshare.net/kishan8282/brief-overview-on-hobson-jobson?qid=f6a7c298-886e-47e7-9fb7-fbaccb469671&v=&b=&from_search=2
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